NEW DISCOVERIES:
Since the time of the Old Testament, the Divine Feminine has been marginalized.
Yes, hints of Her remain, such as:
Gen.1.27-- "So God created man in his own image;
... male and female he created them."
Wis.9.9-- "...wisdom...was present at the making
of the world by thee..."
Prov.8.27-31-- "When he set the heavens in their
place I (wisdom) was there."
Bar.3.37-- "...wisdom appeared on earth and lived among men."
Prov.3.18--" She (wisdom) is a
staff (tree) of life to all who grasp her, and those who hold her fast are
safe."
There are many "She" mentions
in Proverbs and the Septuagint Wisdom texts (such as Wisdom of Solomon).
The Jewish Tradition contains Divine Wisdom as in Proverbs,
but She does not play a significant role in this tradition.
I note one major Christian tradition regularly features Mary as "Queen
of Heaven", while Mary as "Queen
of Heaven" is virtually non existent in another Christian
tradition.
Thus the degree of marginalization appears to vary among the Christian
traditions.
My new findings may connect the dots, and link together
the early Jewish Goddess Asherah with the other Divine Feminine down through
the ages. By good fortune, they do connect with my earlier Athena findings.
HERE IS WHAT I FOUND----
DIVINE FEMININE IS MARGINALIZED, THEN RISES AGAIN
ASHERAH----ANAT---ATHENA---MARY---HOLY SPIRIT
OVERVIEW---the Divine Feminine protected the Jewish people as they escaped from Egypt, and She later protected early Israel.
MY RESEARCH-- indicates that the early
Jewish God YAHWEH had a consort ASHERAH (same as ANAT, later ATHENA.)
Ancient inscriptions:
"Yahweh...and his Asherah"---"Yahweh
of Samaria and his Asherah" footnote
a
ASHERAH (ANAT) protected the Jews and their nation Israel.
YAHWEH was a jealous God and wanted ASHERAH eliminated.
Eventually years later Israelites destroyed ASHERAH's statues and shrines.
Shortly thereafter, with the Goddess protection gone, Israel as a nation
was destroyed.
YAHWEH and ASHERAH
JEALOUS GOD-" For the Lord's name is the Jealous God, and
a jealous god he is." " You will not prostrate yourselves to any
other god. " Exod.34:14
32 KINGS OF ISRAEL (970-609 BC) listed
in 1 Kgs. and 2 Kgs.
Jealous God grades them right or wrong. Those that
did "right" destroyed Asherah statues, hill-shrines, etc. Those
that did "wrong" allowed worship of Asherah at hill-shrines, etc.
21 Kings (66%) "did what was WRONG in the eyes of the Lord."
8 Kings (25%) did "what was RIGHT in the eyes of the Lord" However,
only two (6%) destroyed the hill-shrines.
3 Kings (9%) were not graded.
Some of those that did wrong had Asherah
objects in the Temple and most all permitted Hill Shrines to Asherah. The
kingdom appears to have remained intact with those Kings who did wrong in
the eyes of the Jealous God.
Shortly after the hill-shrines to Asherah were destroyed, Israel was no more.
Jeremiah 44:18: "At that time we had plenty of food and were well off and suffered no harm. But ever since we stopped burning incense to the Queen of Heaven and pouring out drink offerings to her, we have had nothing and have been perishing by sword and famine."
KING DID RIGHT OR WRONG IN EYES OF LORD ?--------HONORED
ASHERAH ?---------- ALLOWED HILL-SHRINES ?
1)- Solomon------ wrong- 1Kgs.11.33 ------------------------------yes- 1Kgs.11.5,
1Kgs.11.33------------- yes- 2Kgs.23.13
(Solomon followed Ashtoreth/Asherah--1kgs.11.5,
prostrated himself before Ashtoreth/Asherah--1kgs.11.33 , Solomon
built hill-shrines
for Ashtoreth/Asherah--2kgs.23.13)
2)- Jereboam ------wrong 1Kgs.14.7-11 ---------------------------------------------------------------------yes-1Kgs.12.31
3)- Rehoboam -----wrong 1Kgs.14.21 ---------------------------------yes- 1
Kgs.14.23 --------------------yes--Kgs.14.23
4)- Abijan ---------wrong 1Kgs.15.1 ------------------------------yes, implied
1Kgs.15.1 -------------------yes, implied 1Kgs.15.1
5)- Asa ------------right 1Kgs.15.9 --------------------------------no- burned
Asherah 1Kgs.15.13 ----------yes-1Kgs.15.13
6)- Nadab ---------wrong 1Kgs.15.25
7)- Basha ----------wrong 1Kgs.15.33
8)- Elah -----------not graded 1Kgs.16.8
9)- Zimri ----------not graded 1Kgs.16.10
10)- Omri ---------wrong 1Kgs.16.25 ------------------------------------------------------------------------yes,
implied 1Kgs.16.25
11)- Ahab ---------wrong 1Kgs.16.29 ---------------------------yes, sacred
pole- 1Kgs.16.33 ---------------yes, implied 1Kgs16.29
12)- Akaziah ------not graded 2Kgs.1.2
13)- Jehoram ------wrong 2Kgs.3.1
13)- Joram --------wrong 2Kgs.8.16
14)- Akaziah ------wrong 2Kgs.8.25
15)- Jehu ----------right 2Kgs.10.30 -----------------------------no-killed
all of hse of Ahab- 2Kgs10.11 -----yes, 2Kgs.10.29
16)- Jehoahaz -----wrong 2Kgs.13.1 ----------------------------yes,
goddess Asherah remained Samaria-2Kgs.13.6
17)- Joash ---------right 2Kgs.12.1 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------yes--2Kgs.12.1
18)- Jehoash ------wrong 2Kgs.13.10
19)- Amaziah ------right 2Kgs14.3, ----------------------------------------------------------------------------yes-2Kgs.14.4
20)- Jeroboam -----wrong 2Kgs.14.24
21)- Azariah --------right 2Kgs.15.3 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------yes--2Kgs.15.4
22)- Zechariah ------wrong 2Kgs.15.9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------yes--2Kgs.15.9
23)- Menahem ------wrong 2Kgs.15.18 ------------------------------------------------------------------------yes--2Kgs.15.18
24)- Pekahiah -------wrong 2Kgs.15.24 ------------------------------------------------------------------------yes--2Kgs.15.24
25)- Pekah ----------wrong 2Kgs.15.28 ------------------------------------------------------------------------yes--2Kgs.15.28
26)- Jotham ---------right 2Kgs.15.34 --------------------------------------------------------------------------yes-2Kgs.15.35
27)- Ahaz -----------wrong 2Kgs.16.2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------yes--2Kgs.16.4
28)- Hoshea ---------wrong 2Kgs.17.2
29)- Hezekiah -------right 2Kgs.18.3 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------no--2Kgs.18.4
(Hezekiah suppressed hill-shrines, cut down
every sacred pole, broke up bronze serpent of Moses, etc,--
2Kgs.18.4. Four yrs later King of Assyria captured Samaria and deported the
Israelites--2Kgs.18.9-11,
The Lord told Hezekiah that time is coming when the whole Kingdom will be
lost to Babylon.--2Kgs.20.17 )
30)- Manasseh ------wrong 2Kgs.21.2 -----------put image of
goddess Asherah in Temple--2kgs.21.7 -------yes--rebuilt 2Kgs.21.3
31)- Amon ----------wrong 2Kgs.21.20
32)- Josiah ----------right 2Kgs.21.2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------no--2Kgs.23.13
(Josiah ordered " ...to remove from the house
of the Lord all the objects made for Baal and Asherah."
2 Kgs.23:4, see also 2Kgs.23:6 "The King (Josiah) desecrated the hill-shrines
which Solomon the King of Israel
had built for Ashtoreth (Asherah)" 2Kgs.23:13 Within the year, King Josiah
was slain. 2 Kgs 23:29
12 yrs later, Nebuchadnezzar captured Israel, destroyed the Temple, took people
into exile. 2 Kgs.24:10-17
"The defeat of Josiah at Megiddo essentially represented the end of the
rule of the Davidic Line.") dna18arkp62
Once the Divine Protectress was gone, the country was overun.
ISRAELITES WORSHIPPED ANAT/YAHWEH
"Yahweh...and his Asherah"---"Yahweh
of Samaria and his Asherah" footnote
A1
"In Elephantine (modern Aswan) in Egypt,
the 5th century Elephantine papyri make mention of a goddess called Anat-Yahu
(Anat-Yahweh) worshiped in the temple to Yahweh originally built by Jewish
refugees from the Babylonian conquest of Judah. These suggest that "even
in exile and beyond the worship of a female deity endured." The texts
were written by a group of Jews living at Elephantine near the Nubian border,
whose religion has been described as "nearly identical to Iron Age
II Judahite religion". The papyri describe the Jews
as worshiping Anat-Yahu (or AnatYahu)."
footnote 1
ANAT / ANATH
Anat--"During
the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Dynasties she appeared in the Egyptian sources
as a significant goddess of war who was incorporated into the Egyptian
mythology. It seems that Ramesses II had a special preference for Anat."
footnote 2
"Ramesses II is one of the more popular candidates
for the Pharaoh of the Exodus." footnote
2A
Anat and Athena---"In
later Ugarit culture, Anath is associated with Athene,
both the warrior goddess daughter of the chief male deity in the pantheon.
There are bilingual inscriptions from Cyprus (KAI 42) that have Athene
in one language and Anat in the other." footnote
3
"Egyptian representations of Anath show
a nude goddess, often standing on a lion and holding flowers."
footnote 4
Anat standing--http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anat
"Anath (seated) with battle axe,
shield and spear, from Tanis, Egypt. The inscription states “Anat,
Queen of Heaven, Mistress of the Gods.”--
http://www.lebtahor.com/Archaeology/papyriscrolls/anathyhw%20papryus.htm
Athena Promachos statue--http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artObjectDetails?artobj=35643
Athena coin---http://www.forumancientcoins.com/board/index.php?topic=50516.0
See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athena_Promachos
Constantine moved the 30 foot tall bronze
statue of Athena Promachos to Constantinople.
(The statue was built by Phidias and stood in front of the Parthenon. "Athena
was the goddess of wisdom and warriors and the protectress
of Athens.") The Athena statue in Constantinople was "...destroyed
in 1203 by a superstitious mob who thought she was beckoning the
crusaders who had besieged the city." A year later, Constantinople
was conquered. footnote 4A
Once the Divine Protectress
was gone, the country or city was overun.
TRIPLE-GODDESS STONE
"Qudshu-Astarte-Anat is a representation
of a single goddess who is a combination of three goddesses:
Qetesh (Athirat, Asherah), Astarte,
and Anat.
It was a common practice for Canaanites
and Egyptians to merge different deities
through a process of synchronization,
thereby, turning them into one
single entity." footnote
5
Note triple-goddess Anat/Asherah
holding snakes and flowers and standing on a lion (same as Anat above)
ANAT / DIVINE WISDOM / ATHENE
"The Burney Relief (also known as
the Queen of the Night relief) is a Mesopotamian terracotta plaque in high
relief of the Isin-Larsa- or Old-Babylonian period, depicting a winged, nude,
goddess-like figure with bird's talons, flanked by owls, and perched upon
supine lions. The relief is displayed in the British Museum in London, which
has dated it between 1800 and 1750 BCE. It originates from southern Iraq,
but the exact find-site is unknown. Apart from its distinctive iconography,
the piece is noted for its high relief and relatively large size, which suggests
that it was used as a cult relief, which makes it a very rare survival from
the period. However, whether it represents Lilitu, Inanna/Ishtar, or Ereshkigal,
is under debate.
The piece was loaned to the British Museum for display between 1980 and 1991,
and in 2003 the relief was purchased by the Museum for the sum of £1,500,000
as part of its 250th anniversary celebrations. The Museum also renamed the
plaque the "Queen of the Night Relief".[3] Since then, the object
has toured museums around Britain...In 2008/9 the relief was included in exhibitions
on Babylon at the Pergamon Museum in Berlin, the Louvre in Paris, and the
Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.[47]" footnote
6
My research suggests that the Burney Relief is the Goddess
Anat / Divine Wisdom / Athene who protected
Israel.
Location of goddess photos below---footnote 7
Note Goddess standing on lions with two owls either side. Goddess has owl's
wings and owl's talons. Athena Goddess of Wisdom is linked to the owl.
"Some authors believe that, in early times, Athena
was either an owl herself or a bird goddess in general: In the
third Book of the Odyssey, she takes the form of a sea-eagle... In earlier
times, Athena may well have been a bird goddess,
similar to the unknown goddess depicted with owls, wings, and bird talons
on the Burney relief, a Mesopotamian terracotta relief of the early second
millennium BC." footnote
8
Goddess talons
Owl wings and talons--similar to Goddess's wings and talons
"Silver tetradrachm coin at the Museum of Fine
Arts of Lyon depicting the owl of Athena (circa 480–420 BC). "
footnote 9
COURSE CHANGE BY YAHWEH
Jer.44.16-17: men and women said to Jeremiah: "We
will not listen to what you tell us in the name of the Lord. We intend to
fulfill all the promises by which we have bound ourselves: we
will burn sacrifices to the queen of heaven...as we used to do...in the cities
of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem..."
Jeremiah 44:18: "At that time we had plenty of food and were well off and suffered no harm. But ever since we stopped burning incense to the Queen of Heaven and pouring out drink offerings to her, we have had nothing and have been perishing by sword and famine."
Jer.44.24-28: "Listen to the Word
of the Lord, all of you from Judah who live in Egypt... You women have made
your actions match your words. 'We will carry out our vows', you said 'to
burn sacrifices to the queen of heaven and to pour drink-offerings to her.'
Well then, fulfill your vows by all means, and make your words good."
"... I am on watch to bring you evil and not good...all
the men of Judah who are in Egypt shall meet their end by the sword and by
famine until not one is left. It is then that all the survivors of Judah who
have made their home in Egypt shall know whose word prevails, theirs or mine."
CHANGE OF COURSE:
Jer.31.31-34: "the time is coming, says the Lord, when I will make a new covenant with Israel and Judah. It will not be like the covenant I made with their forefathers...for I forgive their wrong-doing and remember their sin no more."
POSSIBLY ELIMINATING THE DIVINE FEMININE WAS A STRATEGY
THAT REQUIRED RETHINKING
SIMON MAGUS
SIMON MAGUS PREACHED ZEUS AND ATHENE IN SAMARIA.
"A man named Simon had been in the city for some time, and had
swept the Samaritans off their feet with his magical arts, claiming
to be someone great. All of them, high and low, listened eagerly to him.
'This man', they said, 'is that power of God which is called "The Great
Power".' They listened because they had for so long been carried away
by his magic." Acts 8:9-12 NEB---dna18ark24
Simon prefered the Temple at Mt Gerizim, Samaria. "He denied Jerusalem,
and introduced Mount Gerizim in its
stead." footnote 10A
"The theory that Simon was accustomed to borrow from paganism
is corroborated by the assertion of the Fathers that he and Helena
were worshipped by their sect with the attributes of Zeus
and Athene and received the cult-title Kv'pios and Kvpia. footnote
10 " Special to the Simonian tale is the identification of Simon
himself with the Supreme, and of his consort Helena
with the female principle." footnote 10A
"...Raphael Patai’s The Hebrew Goddess (1967, revised 1990),
which argued that, before the split after Solomon’s reign, the Israelites
had worshipped a goddess, Asherah, alongside Yahweh, revealing both
polytheism and an awareness of the sacred feminine. (Images of cherubim
excavated from ninth-century Israel are almost identical to Egyptian depictions
of the winged Isis.) Patai also showed that early Israelite tradition incorporated
a female figure which manifested God’s power of creation.
And as we know, all of these are characteristics of
the teaching of the Samaritan Simon Magus – which makes
sense if, as the Samaritans claimed, they really did preserve the original
form of the Israelite religion." footnote 11
Simon Magus honored in Rome (per historian Eusebius):
"One of them was Simon, a Samaritan of the village of Gitto, who in
the reign of Claudius Cæsar performed in
your imperial city some mighty acts of magic by the art of demons
operating in him, and was considered a god, and
as a god was honored by you with a statue, which was erected
in the river Tiber, between the two bridges, and bore this inscription in
the Latin tongue, Simoni Deo Sancto, that is, To Simon the Holy God."
footnote 12
Simon Magus's ideas entered the Catholic Church
(per Eusebius):
"And what is surprising, the same thing is done even to this day by
those who follow his most impure heresy. For they, after the manner of their
forefather, slipping into
the Church, like a pestilential and leprous disease greatly afflict
those into whom they are able to infuse the deadly and terrible poison concealed
in themselves."
footnote 12
MOUNT GERIZIM/GRIZIM
("...the location chosen by Yahweh for his holy temple." footnote 20 "Yahweh of Samaria and his Asherah." footnote A1 )
(Simon Magus and Helena preached here as Zeus and Athena.)
"According to Flavius Josephus (Antiquities of the Jews 11), the Samaritans had built a Temple on Mt. Grizim which was later destroyed in 128 BCE by the Jewish High Priest, John Hyrcanus...In 72 CE, under the auspices of the Roman emperor Vespasian, a Roman city called Flavia Neapolis was built west of the area of biblical Shechem... In 135 CE Hadrian built a temple to Zeus on Mt. Grizim, most likely on the site of the ruins of the Samaritan temple...The Arab pronunciation of the Roman name is the basis of its present-day name, Nablus." footnote 15
On Mount Gerizim are "Christian Ruins: these consist
of a church surrounded by a rectangular fortress with corner towers... The
church is an octagon...This church is related by Procopius to have been
erected by the Emperor Zeno not earlier than 474
A.D., and to have been dedicated to the Virgin."
footnote 16
"The Byzantine ruler Zenon constructed a monastery and a church
in 484 AD on the ruins of the holy precinct. Later it was enlarged by the
ruler Justinian in 529 AD. It was dedicated
to Mary 'Mother of God', or: Theotokos (Greek for "God-bearer")."
footnote 17
Templar cross in the Christian Church dedicated to Mary at Mount
Gerizim-- footnote 17
KNIGHTS TEMPLAR
"Among the most wealthy and powerful of the Western Christian military orders...Officially endorsed by the Roman Catholic Church around 1129...and the king granted the Templars a headquarters in a wing of the royal palace on the Temple Mount in the captured Al-Aqsa Mosque. The Temple Mount had a mystique because it was above what was believed to be the ruins of the Temple of Solomon." footnote 14
The Samaritan Temple on Mt Gerizim (near Nablus) was where Simon Magus
and Helena preached at the time of Christ (as Zeus and Athena), later
ca 135 CE it became the Temple of Zeus, after that ca 474 CE it became
a Christian Church dedicated to the Virgin Mary. (see details Mount Gerizim
above.) The Knights Templar must have added their
Templar cross to the church walls ca 1100 CE.
Nablus: "During the Crusades, the Christians held the city for a brief interval from 1099-1187 using it as the Crusader capital, calling it Naples." footnote 15
HOLY BLOOD, HOLY GRAIL by Michael Baigent--photo after page 206
JESUS
"...but we proclaim Christ...he is the power
of God and
the wisdom of God." 1
Cor. 1.23-24
"...for God has made
him (Jesus) our wisdom..." 1Cor.1.30
JESUS VISITS JACOB's WELL AT SYCHAR,
SAMARIA (NEAR THE TEMPLE OF MOUNT GERIZIM).
After asking the Samaritan woman for a drink, Jesus explains to her that
the living water he provides "will be the inner
spring always welling up for eternal
life."
John 4.14.
Jesus explains "God is spirit..."
John 4.24
The woman was amazed that Jesus somehow knew that she
had five husbands. John 4.29
If Jesus knew the Samaritan woman had five husbands,
he certainly knew of Zeus and Athena (Divine Wisdom) being worshipped next
door at the Temple of Mount Gerizim in Samaria). Jesus certainly
was very familiar with the Wisdom texts in the Septuagint (100 BC) which
state:
From Wisdom--"...thou gavest abundant water unexpectedly."
Wisdom of Solomon 11:7
"...in kinship with wisdom lies immortality."
Wisdom of Solomon 8:17
"...she knows the past, she can infer what is
to come..." Wisdom of Solomon 8:8
"Wisdom is a spirit devoted to a man's
good..." Wisdom of Solomon 1:6
Jesus was discussing concepts (eternal life &
spirit) that are in the Wisdom texts that Simon
Magus and Helena (Athena) were preaching.
Was the Samaritan woman that Jesus spoke to possibly Helena
(Athena/Divine Wisdom)? This was suggested by Rudolf Bultmann
who states ref the woman at the well-- "the present illicit partner
is then taken as...Simon Magus."
footnote 13
JESUS MENTIONED SPIRIT AND WATER IN REVELATION:
"I, Jesus have sent my angel to you with this testimony..." Rev.22.16
"I saw the holy city, new Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, made ready like a bride adorned for her husband." Rev.21.2
"Yes, I am coming soon..." Rev.22.12
"'Come!' say the Spirit and the bride.
'Come!' let each hearer reply.
Come forward, you who are thirsty; accept the water
of life, a free gift to all who desire it." Rev.22.17
Yes, the Goddess Asherah/Anat hill-shrines
were destroyed, and
yes, Jesus was crucified.
But what about "...coming soon..."?
"Yes, I am coming soon..."
Rev.22.12 (written 81-96 CE)
Maybe this is what Jesus meant by "...coming soon...":
Constantine's Nicene
Creed clarifies diety of Christ and
introduces Holy Spirit as part of Trinity---325
CE
Theodosiius I made Nicean Christianity the Roman Empire's sole
authorized religion---380 CE
The Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed expanded
Constantine's thinking on Holy Spirit---381
CE
dna18ark170-172
My research suggests
Holy Spirit=Divine
Wisdom=Athena=Anat/Asherah.
I note 325 or 381 Nicene Creeds do not
specify a male gender for Holy Spirit.
The newly established and authorized Christian Church
began a rapid expansion ca 381 after the Trinity was defined.
People worshipped the Trinity.
Mary, who took over some of the roles of Athena*, was honored.
Nicene-Constantinopolitan Christianity spread
throughout much of the world.
* Mary,
who took over some of the roles of Athena:
1)- "In the 5th century AD, the Parthenon
was converted into a Christian church dedicated to the
Virgin Mary" footnote 18
2)- Mount Gerizim--church enlarged by
the ruler Justinian in 529 AD. It was dedicated
to Mary 'Mother of God', or: Theotokos (Greek for "God-bearer").
footnote 17
3)- 626 CE- MIRACLE SAVED CONSTANTINOPLE-"Due
to the intercession of the Theotokos (Virgin Mary),
the city was saved." footnote 19
CLICK HERE FOR MORE DATA ON:
ATHENA--
CONSTANTINE DOWN TO AMERICA.
FOOTNOTES (paste blue links in your browser):
footnote A1---http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asherah---dna18ark2
footnote 1---http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anat---dna18ark128
footnote 2---http://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/40058/Mondriaan_Anatyahu_2013.pdf?sequence=1---dna18ark146
footnote 2A---http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramesses_II
---dna18ark202
footnote 3---http://www.lebtahor.com/Archaeology/papyriscrolls/anathyhw%20papryus.htm---dna18ark159
footnote 4---http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/22880/Anath---dna18ark137
footnote 4A--http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athena_Promachos---dna18ark182
footnote 5---http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qetesh---dna18ark160
footnote 6---http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burney_Relief---dna18ark101
footnote 7---http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burney_Relief---dna8ark101
footnote 8---http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athena---dna18ark114
footnote 9---http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owl_of_Athena---dna8ark115
footnote 10--http://www.mocavo.com/Encyclopaedia-of-Religion-and-Ethics-Volume-11/817844/542---dna18ark166
footnote 10A---http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Magus---dna18ark168
footnote 11---http://www.newdawnmagazine.com/Article/The_Bad_Samaritan.html---dna18ark4
footnote 12---Eusebius Church History,
Book 2, chapter 13, chapter 1 ---dna18ark169
footnote 13---Rudolf Bultmann "The Gospel of John- A Commentary",
p.188, fn 3---athenaV
footnote 14---http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_Templar---dna18ark175
footnote 15---http://www.hebroots.org/hebrootsarchive/9803/980317_h.html---dna18ark34
footnote 16---http://www.biblewalks.com/Sites/MountGerizim.html---(GREAT
LINK TO SEE MOUNT GERIZIM)---dna18ark177
footnote 17---http://www.biblewalks.com/Sites/MountGerizim.html#ByzantineChurch---dna18ark179
footnote 18---http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthenon---dna18ark185
footnote 19---http://www.orthodoxchristian.info/pages/Akathist.htm---dna18ark184
footnote 20---http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Gerizim---dna18ark186